In writing, what does "tone" refer to?

The concept of "tone" in writing refers to the author's attitude toward the subject matter or audience, which is effectively communicated through their choice of words and overall writing style. This can include the emotional quality of the language, the level of formality, and the sentiment behind the expression. For instance, an author might adopt a playful or sarcastic tone in a humorous piece, while a more serious and somber tone might be used in a reflective or critical narrative. By analyzing the tone, readers can gain insights into the author’s perspective and intention, which deepens their understanding of the text and enhances the reading experience.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately capture the essence of tone. The time period of the text might provide context or background, but it does not indicate the author’s emotional stance. The setting relates to the time and place of the narrative, influencing the context rather than the attitude. Lastly, literary devices are tools used to enhance the text’s meaning or aesthetic, but they do not define the author's attitude or tone towards the subject matter. Thus, focusing on tone allows readers to better interpret the underlying messages and emotions conveyed by the author.